Causes of oral cancer pdf

Dentists should be aware of some emerging risk factors for oral, and particularly oropharyngeal cancer such as the role of the human papillomavirus infection HPV. Decreases in risk could be achieved by encouraging high fruit and vegetable consumption. Some controversies related to the aetiology of this… Expand.

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Oral cancer includes cancers of the mouth and the back of the throat. Oral cancers develop on the tongue, the tissue lining the mouth and gums, under the tongue, at the base of the tongue, and the area of the throat at the back of the mouth. Oral cancer accounts for roughly three percent of all cancers diagnosed annually in the United States, or about 53, new cases each year. Oral cancer most often occurs in people over the age of 40 and affects more than twice as many men as women.

Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, alcohol use or both , or infection by the human papilloma virus HPV. Tobacco and alcohol use. Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarette smoking, puts you at risk for developing oral cancers. Heavy alcohol use also increases the risk. Using both tobacco and alcohol increases the risk even further. Infection with the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus specifically the HPV 16 type has been linked to oral cancers.

Risk increases with age. Oral cancers most often occur in people over the age of Abnormal cells can begin to grow out of control, forming a tumor. Certain types of human papillomavirus HPV infections mainly HPV16 , are important causes of most oropharyngeal middle throat cancers.

HPV makes 2 proteins known as E6 and E7 which turn off some tumor suppressor genes, such as Rb and p In the throat, too much of the E6 and E7 proteins are made. This may allow the cells lining the oropharynx to grow out of control and to develop changes in more genes, which in some cases can lead to cancer.

The number of oropharyngeal cancers caused by HPV infections is going up. Some people inherit DNA mutations changes from their parents that increase their risk for developing certain cancers. But inherited gene mutations are not believed to cause very many cancers of the oral cavity or oropharynx.

Even though inherited gene mutations rarely cause these cancers, some people seem to inherit a poor ability to detoxify break down certain types of cancer-causing chemicals. These people are more sensitive to the cancer-causing effects of tobacco smoke, alcohol, and certain industrial chemicals.